Knee surgery is considered a good option in several situations when conservative treatments, such as rest, physical therapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications, have not provided sufficient relief or improvement for knee-related problems. The decision to undergo knee surgery depends on the specific condition, its severity, the individual’s age, overall health, and activity level.

Here are some common situations when knee surgery may be a recommended and effective option:

1. Severe Knee Pain: If you have severe and persistent knee pain that significantly impairs your daily activities, quality of life, and sleep, and non-surgical treatments have proven ineffective, surgery may be a viable option.
2. Traumatic Injuries: Knee surgery is often necessary for traumatic injuries, such as torn ligaments (e.g., ACL, PCL), meniscus tears, or fractures. In these cases, surgical repair is often crucial to restore stability and function to the knee.
3. Progressive Joint Damage: If you have a progressive joint disease like osteoarthritis, and conservative measures no longer manage your symptoms or halt the progression of the disease, knee surgery, including partial or total knee replacement, may be considered to provide pain relief and improve joint function.
4. Failed Non-Surgical Treatments: When non-surgical treatments like physical therapy, medications, bracing, and injections have been exhausted without significant improvement, surgery may be the next step.
5. Chronic Knee Instability: Frequent episodes of knee instability, especially in the presence of ligament or cartilage damage, may indicate the need for surgery to restore stability and prevent further injuries.
6. Significant Limitations in Mobility: If your knee condition has caused significant limitations in mobility, making it difficult to walk, climb stairs, or engage in daily activities, surgery may be necessary to restore function.
7. Structural Abnormalities: In cases of structural abnormalities, such as severe malalignment or deformities like bowleggedness or knock-knees, surgery may be needed to correct the alignment and prevent further damage to the knee joint.
8. Persistent Swelling: Persistent knee swelling, often associated with underlying structural problems, may warrant surgical intervention to address the root cause of the swelling.
9. Non-Responsive Meniscus Tears: Some meniscus tears do not respond well to conservative treatments. In such cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or remove the damaged meniscus tissue.

It’s important to note that the decision to undergo knee surgery should be made in consultation with a medical professional, typically an orthopedic surgeon, who will evaluate your specific condition, medical history, and goals. They will discuss the potential risks and benefits of the procedure and help you make an informed decision about the best treatment for your situation. The type of surgery and the timing will vary based on your individual circumstances.

Consultation and preparation for knee surgery are essential steps to ensure that the surgery goes smoothly, and you have a successful recovery.

Here is a general overview of what to expect during the consultation and how to prepare for knee surgery:

1. Consultation with a Healthcare Provider:
   • Start by consulting with an orthopedic surgeon who specializes in knee conditions. They will evaluate your knee issue, medical history, and overall health to determine if surgery is the right option for you.
2. Discuss the Procedure:
   • Your surgeon will explain the specific type of knee surgery recommended, its purpose, potential risks, benefits, and expected outcomes. Ask any questions or express concerns during this discussion.
3. Pre-Surgical Evaluation:
   • You will undergo a comprehensive pre-surgical evaluation, which may include blood tests, X-rays, MRI scans, and other diagnostic tests to assess the condition of your knee joint.
4. Medical History and Medication Review:
   • Provide your complete medical history, including a list of all medications and supplements you are taking. Your surgeon will advise you on which medications to continue or stop before the surgery.
5. Preoperative Instructions:
   • Your surgeon and medical team will provide specific instructions on what you should do before the surgery. This may include fasting (no food or drink) for a certain period before the procedure, discontinuing certain medications, and washing with a special soap to reduce the risk of infection.
6. Anesthesia Consultation:
   • If general anesthesia or regional anesthesia (e.g., spinal or epidural) is required for your surgery, you may need to meet with an anesthesiologist to discuss the anesthesia plan and address any concerns.
7. Pre-Surgical Exercises and Physical Therapy:
   • Depending on your condition, you may be advised to do pre-surgical exercises or physical therapy to improve muscle strength and joint flexibility, which can help with the post-operative recovery.
8. Arrange Transportation and Support:
   • Plan for transportation to and from the hospital or surgical center on the day of the surgery. You may also need someone to stay with you and assist you during the immediate post-operative period.
9. Home Preparation:
   • Prepare your home for your post-surgery recovery. This may include arranging for assistive devices like crutches or a walker, creating a comfortable recovery area, and ensuring you have easy access to necessary items.
10. Lifestyle Adjustments:
    • Make arrangements for any necessary lifestyle adjustments, such as taking time off work, arranging for childcare or pet care, and planning for assistance with daily tasks.
11. Follow Pre-Operative Guidelines:
    • Follow all pre-operative guidelines provided by your surgeon and medical team. This includes adhering to dietary restrictions, medication management, and hygiene instructions.
12. Mental and Emotional Preparation:
    • Prepare yourself mentally and emotionally for the surgery. Understand what to expect during the recovery process and maintain a positive outlook.
13. Informed Consent:
    • Prior to the surgery, you will be asked to sign an informed consent form, indicating that you understand the procedure, its risks, and have given your permission for the surgery to proceed.

Remember that each surgery is unique, so the specific instructions and preparations may vary based on your condition and the type of knee surgery you are having. Always follow the guidance of your healthcare team to ensure a successful and safe surgical experience.

When preparing for knee surgery, it’s essential to have a thorough discussion with your physician or orthopedic surgeon to ensure you fully understand the procedure, its potential risks, benefits, and the post-operative recovery process.

Here are some important questions to ask your physician about knee surgery:

1. What Type of Knee Surgery Is Recommended?
   • Ask for a clear explanation of the specific procedure being recommended, including the name of the surgery and its purpose.
2. Why Is Surgery Necessary?
   • Understand the reasons behind the recommendation for surgery. Ask about the expected benefits and how the surgery will address your knee condition.
3. What Are the Alternatives to Surgery?
   • Discuss non-surgical options and whether they have been considered or attempted. Understanding the alternatives can help you make an informed decision.
4. What Are the Risks and Complications?
   • Inquire about potential risks and complications associated with the surgery. This includes infection, blood clots, anesthesia risks, and any specific risks related to the type of knee surgery you are having.
5. What Are the Expected Outcomes?
   • Ask about the expected results of the surgery, including pain relief, improved function, and any limitations you may experience after the procedure.
6. What Is the Recovery Process Like?
   • Discuss the expected timeline for recovery, including how long you might need to use crutches or a walker, when you can return to daily activities, and the anticipated duration of physical therapy.
7. Will I Need Rehabilitation or Physical Therapy?
   • Understand whether post-operative rehabilitation or physical therapy will be required and for how long. Ask about the importance of compliance with these therapies.
8. How Long Will I Be in the Hospital or Surgical Center?
   • If the surgery is an outpatient procedure, ask about the expected duration of your stay and when you can go home.
9. What Type of Anesthesia Will Be Used?
   • Discuss the type of anesthesia (e.g., general, spinal, epidural) and any potential side effects or risks associated with it.
10. What Preparations Are Required Before Surgery?
    • Inquire about any pre-operative preparations, such as fasting, medication adjustments, and hygiene measures.
11. What Is the Expected Timeline for Returning to Normal Activities?
    • Understand when you can expect to return to work, resume physical activities, and engage in sports or recreational pursuits.
12. Can You Provide Information on Pain Management?
    • Discuss the pain management plan for after the surgery, including medications and techniques to alleviate post-operative discomfort.
13. What Is the Success Rate of the Surgery?
    • Ask about the success rate of the procedure and whether there are any factors that could affect the outcome.
14. Do I Need to Make Lifestyle Adjustments Before Surgery?
    • Inquire about any necessary lifestyle changes, such as modifying your home environment, arranging for assistance, or altering your daily routines.
15. What Will the Surgical Scars Look Like?
    • If you’re concerned about scarring, ask about the location and appearance of surgical scars and whether they can be minimized.
16. What Are the Costs and Insurance Coverage?
    • Discuss the estimated costs of the surgery, as well as insurance coverage and potential out-of-pocket expenses.

Remember that it’s crucial to have an open and thorough discussion with your physician to address all your concerns and ensure you are well-informed about the upcoming knee surgery. Don’t hesitate to ask any additional questions that may be specific to your situation.

The process of knee surgery involves several stages, from the initial consultation to the post-operative recovery and rehabilitation.

Here is an overview of the typical steps involved in knee surgery:

1. Consultation and Evaluation:
   • The process begins with a consultation with an orthopedic surgeon. During this consultation, the surgeon will evaluate your knee condition, review your medical history, and discuss your symptoms. They will determine whether surgery is necessary and if so, which type of knee surgery is most appropriate.
2. Preoperative Assessment:
   • If surgery is recommended, you will undergo a preoperative assessment, which may include blood tests, X-rays, MRI scans, and other diagnostic tests to assess the knee’s condition and your overall health.
3. Anesthesia Consultation:
   • Depending on the type of surgery, you may have a consultation with an anesthesiologist to discuss the anesthesia plan and any concerns related to anesthesia.
4. Preoperative Instructions:
   • Your surgical team will provide you with detailed preoperative instructions. These instructions may include fasting for a specific period before the surgery, discontinuing certain medications, and washing with a special soap to reduce the risk of infection.
5. Surgery Day:
   • On the day of the surgery, you will arrive at the hospital or surgical center. You may be asked to change into a surgical gown, and an intravenous (IV) line may be started for the administration of fluids and medications.
6. Anesthesia Administration:
   • Anesthesia will be administered as discussed in your consultation. Depending on the type of surgery, you may receive general anesthesia, regional anesthesia (such as spinal or epidural), or local anesthesia.
7. Surgical Procedure:
   • The surgeon will perform the knee surgery according to the planned procedure. This may involve repairing damaged structures, removing damaged tissue, or replacing the knee joint, depending on the specific surgery.
8. Recovery Room:
   • After the surgery is completed, you will be taken to a recovery room, where medical staff will monitor your vital signs and ensure you wake up safely from anesthesia.
9. Postoperative Pain Management:
   • You will receive pain management medications to help alleviate discomfort. The method of pain control may include oral medications, IV medications, or nerve blocks.
10. Hospital Stay or Discharge:
    • Depending on the type of surgery and your overall health, you may spend a night in the hospital for observation. Some knee surgeries are performed on an outpatient basis, and you will be discharged on the same day.
11. Post-Operative Care:
    • You will receive post-operative care instructions, which may include elevating your leg, applying ice, and performing gentle exercises to prevent complications like blood clots.
12. Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy:
    • Physical therapy and rehabilitation are important components of the recovery process. You may start physical therapy shortly after surgery to improve range of motion, strength, and mobility.
13. Follow-Up Appointments:
    • You will have follow-up appointments with your surgeon to monitor your progress, assess wound healing, and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.
14. Return to Normal Activities:
    • The timeline for returning to normal activities, including work and physical activities, will vary depending on the type of surgery and your individual progress.
15. Long-Term Management:
    • Some knee surgeries, such as total knee replacements, may require ongoing management and follow-up care to ensure the continued function and longevity of the joint.

It’s important to follow your surgeon’s instructions and adhere to your rehabilitation plan to achieve the best possible outcome. Each surgery is unique, and the process may vary based on the specific procedure and the individual’s health and needs. Always consult with your healthcare team to address any questions or concerns you may have about the knee surgery process.

Knee surgery, like any surgical procedure, carries certain risks and considerations for safety. It’s important to be aware of these risks and to discuss them with your healthcare provider. The specific risks can vary depending on the type of knee surgery you’re undergoing, your overall health, and other factors.

Here are some common risks associated with knee surgery:

1. Infection: Infection is a potential risk with any surgical procedure. The risk of infection can vary depending on the type of surgery and the surgical environment. Surgeons take precautions to minimize the risk, such as using sterile techniques and prescribing antibiotics when necessary.
2. Blood Clots: The immobility that often follows knee surgery can increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), both of which are blood clot-related complications. Blood thinners, compression stockings, and early mobility are measures used to reduce this risk.
3. Anesthesia Risks: Anesthesia carries its own set of risks, including adverse reactions or complications related to the administration of anesthesia drugs. The anesthesiologist carefully monitors patients during surgery to mitigate these risks.
4. Allergic Reactions: While rare, some patients may experience allergic reactions to medications or materials used during surgery.
5. Nerve and Blood Vessel Damage: In some knee surgeries, there is a risk of damaging nearby nerves or blood vessels, which can result in numbness, tingling, or other sensory changes in the leg.
6. Scarring: Surgical scars are an inevitable outcome of knee surgery. The appearance of scars varies from person to person, and some individuals may develop thick or raised scars, while others may have minimal scarring.
7. Implant Complications: In cases of knee replacement surgery, there can be complications related to the implant, including loosening, wear, or dislocation. These complications may require additional surgeries to address.
8. Persistent Pain or Limited Mobility: While knee surgery is intended to relieve pain and improve mobility, there is no guarantee that it will completely eliminate pain or restore full function. Some patients may experience ongoing discomfort or limited range of motion after surgery.
9. Delayed Healing or Non-Union: In cases where bone is involved, there may be a risk of delayed healing or non-union, where the bone fails to heal properly. This may require further treatment or surgery.
10. Psychological and Emotional Effects: Some individuals may experience psychological and emotional effects, such as anxiety or depression, as they cope with the challenges of surgery and recovery.

It’s important to note that many patients have successful knee surgeries with minimal complications. Your healthcare team will take various measures to minimize risks, including pre-operative evaluations, use of modern surgical techniques, and post-operative monitoring and care.

To maximize safety and minimize risks:

• Follow your surgeon’s pre-operative and post-operative instructions carefully.
• Be honest with your healthcare team about your medical history, including any allergies, chronic conditions, and medications you are taking.
• Discuss any concerns or questions you have with your surgeon and anesthesiologist before the surgery.
• Comply with post-operative rehabilitation and physical therapy to optimize recovery.

Ultimately, the decision to undergo knee surgery should be made after a thorough discussion with your healthcare provider, considering the potential risks and benefits in the context of your individual health and circumstances.

Knee surgery recovery and the results you can expect depend on the type of knee surgery you undergo, your individual health, and your commitment to following the post-operative instructions and rehabilitation plan provided by your healthcare team. Here’s a general overview of what to expect during knee surgery recovery and the potential results:

• Immediate Post-Operative Period:
  • After the surgery, you will spend time in the recovery room to wake up from anesthesia. Medical staff will monitor your vital signs, and you may receive pain management medications.
• Hospital Stay or Outpatient Recovery:
  • Depending on the type of knee surgery, you may spend a night in the hospital for observation or be discharged on the same day as an outpatient.
• Pain Management:
  • You will receive pain management medications, which may include oral medications, IV medications, or nerve blocks, to alleviate discomfort. Pain should gradually decrease as you recover.
• Early Mobility:
  • You will be encouraged to start gentle exercises and mobility as soon as possible, under the guidance of a physical therapist. This helps prevent complications like blood clots and improves circulation.
• Follow-Up Appointments:
  • You will have scheduled follow-up appointments with your surgeon to assess wound healing, monitor your progress, and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.
• Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy:
  • Physical therapy and rehabilitation are critical components of recovery. You will work with a physical therapist to improve range of motion, strength, and joint stability. The duration of physical therapy varies but may continue for several weeks or months.
• Return to Normal Activities:
  • The timeline for returning to normal activities, including work and physical activities, varies depending on the type of surgery and your individual progress. It can range from a few weeks to several months.
• Long-Term Results:
  • The long-term results of knee surgery depend on the type of surgery and your adherence to post-operative care and rehabilitation. In many cases, knee surgery can provide significant pain relief, improved function, and a better quality of life.
• Functional Improvement:
  • Knee surgery aims to improve the function and stability of the knee joint. The extent of functional improvement will vary depending on the specific procedure and the severity of the knee condition.
• Pain Relief:
  • One of the primary goals of knee surgery is to alleviate pain associated with conditions like arthritis, injuries, and ligament tears. You can expect varying degrees of pain relief, which can be significant for many patients.
• Mobility and Range of Motion:
  • Knee surgery can lead to improved mobility and increased range of motion in the affected knee. This may allow you to perform daily activities with greater ease.
• Resumption of Activities:
  • After recovery, you should be able to return to many of your previous activities. The level of activity and the specific activities you can engage in will depend on the type of surgery and your individual progress.
• Complications and Limitations:
  • While most patients experience successful recoveries, it’s important to be aware of potential complications, such as infection, implant issues, or persistent discomfort. Some patients may experience ongoing limitations in terms of activities or mobility.
• Psychological and Emotional Well-Being:
  • Consider the psychological and emotional aspects of recovery. Some patients may experience a range of emotions during the recovery process, including frustration, anxiety, or depression. It’s essential to seek support and communicate with your healthcare team if you have concerns.

Keep in mind that recovery is a gradual process, and individual results may vary. Your active participation in rehabilitation and adherence to post-operative instructions are crucial for achieving the best possible outcomes. Always follow the guidance of your healthcare team and discuss any concerns or questions you may have about your recovery and results.

The recovery period after knee surgery varies depending on several factors, including the type of surgery you undergo, your overall health, your commitment to post-operative care, and the recommendations of your healthcare team. Here’s a general guideline for the expected recovery timeline following knee surgery:

1. Immediate Post-Operative Period (0-2 Days):
   • In the first hours after surgery, you’ll be in the recovery room, where you’ll wake up from anesthesia and be monitored for any immediate complications. Pain management and early mobilization exercises may begin during this period.
2. Hospital Stay or Outpatient Recovery (0-2 Days):
   • Some knee surgeries may require an overnight hospital stay for observation, while others are performed on an outpatient basis, allowing you to go home the same day. Your surgeon will determine the appropriate setting based on your individual case.
3. Pain Management and Wound Care (0-2 Weeks):
   • Pain management is a crucial aspect of early recovery. You may experience discomfort and swelling during this time. Follow your surgeon’s instructions for pain medications and wound care.
4. Early Mobility and Physical Therapy (1-2 Days):
   • Early mobilization and physical therapy typically begin within the first day or two after surgery. A physical therapist will guide you through exercises to improve joint mobility and strength.
5. Hospital Discharge or Transition to Home Care (2-3 Days):
   • If you had a hospital stay, you may be discharged within a few days. If you had outpatient surgery, you’ll be closely monitored at home.
6. Continued Physical Therapy (2-6 Weeks):
   • Physical therapy continues on an outpatient basis to improve your range of motion and strength. The duration and frequency of sessions depend on your progress and the type of surgery.
7. Gradual Increase in Activities (2-6 Weeks):
   • As your knee heals and you gain strength, you can gradually increase your level of physical activity. Your physical therapist and surgeon will provide guidance on when you can start to walk without assistive devices and return to daily activities.
8. Full Weight-Bearing (Varies):
   • Depending on the type of surgery, you’ll gradually progress from partial weight-bearing to full weight-bearing on your operated leg. This may take a few weeks to a few months.
9. Return to Work (Varies):
   • The timing for returning to work depends on your occupation, the type of surgery, and the physical demands of your job. Some people may return to work within a few weeks, while others may require several months.
10. Resumption of Physical Activities (Varies):
    • Returning to physical activities like sports or exercise may take several months, and the timeline will depend on the specific activities and your recovery progress.
11. Long-Term Follow-Up (Ongoing):
    • Your surgeon may schedule long-term follow-up appointments to monitor your progress and address any concerns. In some cases, knee surgeries may require ongoing management.

It’s important to note that everyone’s recovery timeline is unique. Your surgeon and physical therapist will provide personalized guidance and milestones based on your specific case. Adhering to the prescribed rehabilitation plan, practicing patience, and seeking support when needed are essential for a successful recovery after knee surgery.

Post-operative instructions following knee surgery are crucial for a successful recovery. Your healthcare team will provide specific guidelines tailored to your surgery, but here are some general post-operative instructions that are often applicable to various knee surgeries:

1. Wound Care:

• Keep the surgical incision clean and dry. Follow any specific instructions provided by your surgeon for wound care.
• Check for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pus, and notify your healthcare provider if you suspect an infection.

2. Pain Management:

• Take pain medications as prescribed by your surgeon. Do not exceed the recommended dosage.
• Use ice packs to reduce swelling and discomfort. Follow your surgeon’s recommendations for ice application.

3. Elevation:

• Elevate your leg to minimize swelling. Keeping your leg propped up on pillows or cushions when sitting or lying down can be helpful.

4. Weight-Bearing Status:

• Follow your surgeon’s instructions regarding weight-bearing on your operated leg. This may include non-weight-bearing, partial weight-bearing, or full weight-bearing as determined by the type of surgery and your progress.

5. Assistive Devices:

• If prescribed, use crutches, a walker, or a brace to assist with mobility and to minimize strain on your surgical knee.

6. Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation:

• Attend scheduled physical therapy sessions as directed by your healthcare team to improve knee range of motion, strength, and function.

7. Medications:

• Take any prescribed medications, including antibiotics, as directed by your surgeon. Some patients may be prescribed blood thinners to prevent blood clots.

8. Follow Dietary Restrictions:

• If your surgeon recommends dietary restrictions, such as fasting before surgery or avoiding specific foods or medications post-surgery, adhere to these instructions.

9. Monitor for Complications:

• Be vigilant for signs of complications, including infection, blood clots, or adverse reactions to medications, and promptly report any concerns to your healthcare provider.

10. Mobility and Exercises:

• Perform home exercises as instructed by your physical therapist to maintain and improve your knee’s function.

11. Supportive Equipment and Home Modifications:

• If necessary, arrange for assistive equipment like raised toilet seats, shower chairs, or handrails in your home to make daily activities more manageable.

12. Work and Activity Restrictions:

• Follow your surgeon’s guidance regarding returning to work and participating in physical activities. Limit heavy lifting and strenuous activities as directed.

13. Compression Stockings:

• If prescribed, wear compression stockings to help prevent blood clots.

14. Diet and Hydration:

• Maintain a well-balanced diet and stay hydrated to support the healing process.

15. Psychological Support:

• Consider seeking psychological support if you experience emotional challenges during your recovery, such as anxiety or depression.

16. Follow-Up Appointments:

• Attend all follow-up appointments with your surgeon to monitor your progress and address any concerns.

It’s essential to follow these post-operative instructions closely and communicate with your healthcare team if you have questions, concerns, or experience unexpected symptoms. Every knee surgery is unique, so your surgeon’s guidance and the specific recommendations for your surgery take precedence. Adhering to your individualized plan is crucial for a successful recovery.

Understanding key knee surgery terminology can help patients have informed discussions with their healthcare providers and better comprehend the details of their condition and treatment. Here are some essential knee surgery terms that patients should be aware of:

1. Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive surgical procedure that uses a thin, flexible instrument with a camera (arthroscope) to visualize, diagnose, and treat issues within the knee joint.
2. ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament): A major ligament in the knee that connects the femur to the tibia, providing stability to the joint. ACL tears are common and often require surgery.
3. PCL (Posterior Cruciate Ligament): Another ligament in the knee, connecting the femur to the tibia. PCL injuries may also require surgical intervention.
4. Meniscus: A wedge-shaped cartilage in the knee that acts as a cushion and provides stability. Meniscus tears are a common knee problem that may require surgery.
5. MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament): A ligament located on the inner side of the knee, connecting the femur to the tibia. MCL injuries can occur in sports and accidents.
6. LCL (Lateral Collateral Ligament): A ligament on the outer side of the knee, connecting the femur to the fibula. LCL injuries can lead to knee instability.
7. Total Knee Replacement (TKR): A surgical procedure in which a damaged knee joint is replaced with an artificial joint made of metal and plastic components.
8. Partial Knee Replacement: In cases where only one part of the knee joint is affected, a partial knee replacement may be performed.
9. Orthopedic Surgeon: A medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis, treatment, and surgery of musculoskeletal conditions, including knee surgeries.
10. Anesthesiologist: A medical specialist responsible for administering anesthesia and monitoring the patient’s vital signs during surgery.
11. Regional Anesthesia: A type of anesthesia that blocks sensation in a specific region of the body, often used in knee surgery for pain management.
12. General Anesthesia: A type of anesthesia that induces a temporary loss of consciousness, used in more complex knee surgeries.
13. Arthroplasty: The surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint, such as a total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which is a total knee replacement.
14. Implant: The artificial joint components used in total knee replacement, which may include a femoral component, tibial component, and patellar component.
15. Minimally Invasive Surgery: Surgical techniques that use small incisions and specialized instruments to reduce tissue damage, scarring, and recovery time.
16. Rehabilitation: The process of restoring knee function and strength through exercises and physical therapy after surgery.
17. Graft: In procedures like ACL reconstruction, a graft is tissue (usually from the patient’s own body or a donor) used to replace the torn ligament.
18. Range of Motion (ROM): The extent to which a joint can be moved in various directions, which is crucial to post-surgery knee function.
19. DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis): The formation of blood clots in the deep veins, which is a risk after knee surgery due to immobility.
20. Pulmonary Embolism (PE): A potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs, which is another risk post-surgery.
21. Infection: A potential complication of surgery, including knee surgery, which can cause redness, swelling, and fever around the surgical site.

Understanding these terms can help patients have more informed discussions with their healthcare providers, make well-informed decisions, and actively participate in their care before and after knee surgery.